The
Temple of Confucius, the Confucius Family Mansion and the Confucian
Woods are located in the city of Qufu, Shangdong Province. They
symbolize the Chinese People's remembrance of Confucius throughout
the ages, and their respect to Confucianism. They are known for
their cultural significance, age long history, considerable scale,
rich collection of relics and their scientific and artistic value.
According
to historical records, in 478 BC, the year after Confucius' death,
Lord Ai of the State of Lu had Confucius's house in the center of
Qufu altered into a temple in commemoration of the sage. After many
rebuilds and expansions, it reached its present scale in the Ming
Dynasty. Covering 140,000 square meters of land it has over a hundred
clustering around 9 courtyards. There are also the Airport Altar
where Confucius had his school, the famous cypress and over a thousand
stone tablets.
To
the east of the temple is Confucius' house, It was once Confucius
eldest grandson's yamen and named Lord Yansheng's Residence. During
the Han Dynasty Emperor Gao Zu, named Liu Bang, made offerings at
Confucius' tomb in the highest degree. The emperor also conferred
on Confucius' ninth generation direct grandson and his sons after
him an official post supervising sacrifices to Confucius on behalf
of the country. In the course of history, many titles were conferred
on Confucius and his descendants. The title of Yansheng was given
to his descendant in the Song Dynasty. In the 10th year of the Ming
Hong Wu reign an independent Residence of Lord Yansheng was set
up, with the Yamen in the front and the domestic household at the
back. It has 480 rooms and house many files and relics.
Located in the north of Qufu is the Confucius Woods where the tombs
of Confucius and most of his descendants are to be found. After
Confucius' death in April 497 BC, (the 16th year of Lord Ai of Lu),
his descendants buried with him and the place gradually grew into
a cemetery with over 100,000 tombs and 4,000 steles. Zi Gong, Confucius's
disciple, started planting trees at Confucius' tomb and now there
are over 10,000 trees in the woods. Kong shangren, well-known literatus
and author of the "Peach Blossom Fan", was buried here
too.
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